Clinical Study on Factors Related to Oral Health-related Quality of Life of Patients with Complete Dentures: Multi-Center Study of an Impression Method in pursuit of a Suction-Effective Mandibular Complete Denture.
1) Sato dental Clinic La France Office
2) Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
3) The Academy of Clinical Dentistry
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of mandibular complete dentures fabricated by using the closed-month functional impression technique (hereinafter referred to as “Suction-Effective Mandibular Complete Denture”) which attains effective suction by closing the denture peripheral border entirely with oral mucosa. In this evaluation, oral health-related Quality of Life as an indicator. Of all the patients who requested and used the complete dentures between 1997 and 2022, 68 patients (36 males and 32 females, 53:47 male/female ratio, mean age 77.7±10.9 years) with suction complete dentures were included in this study. The average period of denture wearing was 52.2 months±57.4. The oral health-related QOL was assessed by OHIP-EDENT-J and the score averaged 8.9±6.7. Multivariate logistic analysis of the factors associated with high OHIP-EDENT-J scores indicated a significant correlation with non-use of denture cleanser, severe resorption of the mandible alveolar crest, and missing regular checkups. These results suggest that Suction-Effective Mandibular Complete Denture technique as well as denture cleaning and regular checkups in post-treatment are important for establishing a good oral health-related QOL.
Key words:OHIP-EDENT-J, Complete denture, Oral-health related Quality of Life, Suction-Effective Mandibular Complete Denture
I. Introduction
It has been reported that edentulism affects not only masticatory function but also speech and swallowing, as well as overall nutritional status, and additionally psychological well-being.1-4 Although the number of edentulous patients is decreasing in Japan, 31.3% of the 80~84-year-olds and 46.3% of the 85+-year-olds wear complete dentures.5 Despite current well-established implant treatments, there remains a high demand for complete dentures due to economic factors and systemic diseases that may contribute to increased surgical risk. However, multitude of factors such as alveolar ridge resorption,6,7 dry mouth,8 mucosal trauma,6 and the experience of clinicians9 often contribute to the difficulty of stabilizing dentures and achieving patient satisfaction.
The "suction denture impression technique" was introduced into clinical practice as a solution to these problems.10-14This technique was developed by Abe in 1999 to attain suction of mandibular complete denture by use of a closed-mouth functional impression technique, which had been difficult to achieve in the past. As well as the maxilla, the mandibular complete denture could attain effective suction if the denture peripheral border could be sealed entirely by the mobile tissues of the oral mucosa.
The Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHQoL) is a multidimensional assessment system that evaluates the impact of oral health problems in people's daily lives. GOHAI, OHIP014, and OHIP-EDENT are used as assessment items in studies. OHIP-EDENT in particular was designed for edentulous patients, the reliability of which has been reported.15 OHIP has been modified according to the culture and lifestyle of each country, and OHIP-EDENT-J has been developed for Japanese patients.16
The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life of patients with complete dentures and the factors that affect QOL using OHIP-EDENT-J in order to verify the effectiveness of the suction impression method.
II. Subjects and methods
This study was conducted under the approval of the Ethics Committee of The Academy of Clinical Dentistry as a single-arm, case-series study. (Approval No. NO.22-002) The study was conducted on all patients aged 30 years or older who presented for follow-up between July 2021 and June 2022, at least one month after placement of full dentures that were produced by using the denture adsorption impression method, at general practice dental clinics (11 facilities). Only edentulous cases were selected; overdenture and single denture cases were excluded from this study. The purpose of the study was fully explained to all patients after which their consent was obtained.
Denture Adsorption Impression Technique
Two types of alginate impression materials of different flow were used for preliminary impressions.
First, high flow alginate impression material was applied intra-orally with a 50 ml syringe SS50CZ (Terumo Corporation). Then, low flow alginate impression material was loaded on a tray (Frame Cut Bac Tray, YDM Co., Ltd.), was subsequently inserted in the mouth, and lightly pressed in the direction of the ridge.
The patient was instructed to position the jaw in the mandibular resting position and close his/her mouth until the lips were closed. The clinician massaged the cheek of the patient using the palm to prevent accumulation of the impression material in the buccal shelf area and waited for the impression material to set (Fig.1).
Fig.1 Preliminary impression (modification of Reference 7) Alginate impression material with high flowability is injected in the mouth using syringe, and alginate impression material with low flowability is applied to Frame Cut Bac Tray and lightly pressed in the direction of mandibular ridge. Ask patient to close the mouth to achieve mandibular resting position.
A custom tray was constructed on a model made from the preliminary impression. The design of the tray followed the outline of the retromolar pad, avoided Someya sinew string,17 drew a line at the most inferior point of the mucobaccal fold, and entered into the retromylohyoid fossa region 2-3mm past the mylohyoid ridge (Fig.2).
Fig.2 Outline of functional impression tray 1.Cover entire retromolar pad. 2.Avoid the sinew-like string at buccal root (Someya’s sinew) 3.Outline most inferior point of mucobaccal fold 4.Enter into retromylohyoid fossa region 2-3mm past mylohyoid ridge
Four-point paraffin wax poles were set on the top of the tray and heated for preliminary bite registration.
For primary precision impression, high-viscosity rubber-based material (GC Soft Liner, GC Corporation) with a powder/liquid ratio of 10:7 was used. The G.C. Soft Liner was filled in a tray and inserted into the patient’s mouth. The patient was asked to perform routine functional movements with the mouth closed and until the impression was set. Five functional movements were implemented: "pursing the lips" "pulling the corners of the mouth," "licking the lips," "pushing the clinician’s finger between the upper and lower trays with the tongue," and "swallowing.”
Alternatively, the heavy-body-type silicone impression material was applied on the border of the tray and inserted in the mouth. Then, border molding was completed by functional movement, and the impression material on the immobile oral mucosa tissue was removed to take the second precision impression.
For the second precision impression, a smooth impression surface was obtained with high flow injection-type silicone impression material and a functional impression was made in the same manner (Fig.3).
Fig.3 Suction precision impression (modification of Reference 7) Primary impression: After softening four paraffin wax poles on custom tray and taking the interocclusal record, patient is asked to perform five functional movements with impression material and wait for impression to set in a closed-mouth position. Secondary impression: Closed-mouth functional impression is made in the same manner, using high flow silicone impression material.
Evaluation Method
The OHIP-EDENT-J is a 19-item questionnaire that is administered to patients and is rated on a 5-point scale (0-4). The higher the score, the lower the quality of life and the larger the number of problems.
At the same time, the oral traits of the patients were examined, the information on the subjects' conditions (systemic and oral) and treatment details were collected from their medical records, and their past treatment history was also investigated.
Statistical Analysis
The mean and frequency distribution of the OHIP-EDENT-J of the study subjects were calculated.
The mean value of OHIP-EDENT-J in each category of the background factors of the subjects was analyzed by Student's t-test or ANOVA.
Factors associated with a OHIP -EDENT-J score of 14 or higher were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and years of denture use.
III. Results
Sixty-eight patients (mean age 77.7±10.9) participated in the study. The duration of denture use ranged from 1 to 300 months, with a mean of 52.2±57.4 months.
The background factors of the subjects and the mean and standard deviation of the OHIP-EDENT-J scores are as shown in Table 1.
The mean OHIP-EDENT-J score of the overall subject population was 8.9±6.7. There were no statistically significant differences in scores across patient information categories.
Table 2 shows information related to dentures and treatment, which shows statistically significant difference with patients who used denture cleanser, having lower OHIP-EDENT-J scores than those who did not.
Patients who received regular checkups also had significantly lower scores than those who did not. Patients with a longer history of denture use, lingualized occlusion, denture adjustments or repairs, or longer treatment duration did not show any statistically significant changes.
Table 3 shows the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios adjusted by age and years of denture use were 5.3 for non-use of denture cleanser, 7.8 for severely resorbed mandibular ridge, and 8.2 for not receiving regular checkups, respectively showing significant differences. No statistically significant differences were found for dry mouth, oral mucosal lesions, or occlusal status.
(Table 1) Patient Information and average OHIP-EDENT-J Score(Table 2) Information on Dentures and Treatments(Table 3) Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis
IV. Discussion
The OHIP-EDENT-J score of complete denture patients in this study using the suction impression method was 8.9. Sato et al.16 reported that the mean OHIP-EDENT-J score of 61 patients with old dentures was 24.76 which however improved to 14.91 after the fabrication of new dentures. Additionally, Ito et al.18 found that the mean OHIP-EDENT-J scores of 147 patients separated into three groups were 15.8±10.8 (N=50), 19.2±13.1 (N=46), and 19.2±13.7 (N=51), which. were later reported to be 10.6±9.1, 14.1±11.9, and 14.2±12.6, respectively after 4 days of use of cream-type denture stabilizer, powder-type denture stabilizer, and saline used as a control. One possible reason for the improved results in this study may be attributed to the use of the suction impression method.
In the univariate analysis, the use of denture cleansers and regular checkups were statistically significant factors that influenced the OHIP-EDENT-J values. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the statistically significant factors were the use of denture cleanser, periodic checkups, and mandibular ridge condition.
The subjects, who used denture cleaners appeared to be increasingly likely to be attentive to denture care, and visit dentists for adjustments to address denture issues due to concern for dentures and oral hygiene.
Ridge morphology is closely related to the stress distribution in the support area under the denture base and to the development of the denture displacement vector, which confirmed that the ridge height was a contributing factor to the stability of the denture, thereby reducing its displacement. Additionally, a replica of the residual ridge, which is directly related to the support, retention, and stability of a full denture, was fabricated and measured. The findings showed that denture support base area had the most statistically significant correlation with masticatory efficiency, followed by the average height of denture support base.19,20
While no statistically significant difference was observed based on the duration of denture use, the longer the dentures were worn, the lower the score tended to be. According to the "Patient Satisfaction Structural Model (latent variables and statistically significant paths)" reported by Fenlon et al.21, when a new denture was fabricated, it was the accuracy of the jaw relationship and patient adaptability that were strongly associated with increased patient satisfaction with the denture. In this study, 417 complete denture patients were evaluated for denture quality after the placement of new dentures. Questionnaires were administered to assess the level of patient satisfaction on the following categories respectively: immediately after placement, 3 months after placement, and 2 years after placement. The results showed a high correlation between denture quality and patient satisfaction immediately after and at 3 months after denture placement, however with no correlation with 2 years after placement. This is thought to be due to adaptation to dentures over time, which was consistent with the results of this study.
Onuki22 listed the advantages of lingualized occlusion as follows: 1) occlusal force applied to denture is directed inward at all times to stabilize denture base; 2) compared to full balanced occlusion, the occlusal contact relationship is simple and is in harmony with the masticatory function of the living body 3) the mastication efficiency may be easily adjusted by the shape of the occlusal surfaces, thereby reducing stress on and aiding in preservation of the residual ridge. Numerous reports have supported the functional benefits of lingualized occlusion, some of which providing explanations with the focus on crest conditions,21 distribution of pressures to the mucosa under the denture base,23 masticatory function,24 and occlusal contact during chewing25 respectively. No significant differences were found in this study as 58 of the 68 patients provided with lingualized occlusion dentures may have contributed to decreased OHIP-EDENT-J scores.
Intraorally seated dentures sink downward due to occlusal force. Occlusal imbalances and ill-fitting may occur due to occlusal wear of artificial teeth, abrasion from food, and ridge resorption on patients satisfied with their dentures. Additionally, occlusal disharmony may be left unnoticed by the patients. Regular checkups were viewed in a favorable light as occlusal adjustment of prosthesis may prevent major occlusal disharmony and early intervention may prevent pain and ulcers from progressing.
This study is the result of a limited set of single-arm conditions, and additionally a cross-sectional study, which was not performed on all patients who had fabricated complete dentures. It must be taken into account that patients who did not visit the clinic were not analyzed.
V. Conclusion
The quality of life of patients with complete dentures fabricated with suction impression technique was evaluated by general clinicians with OHIP-EDENT J. The following conclusion was drawn after the factors affecting quality of life were investigated.
1) Good OHQoL was achievable with complete denture treatment performed by a general clinician.
2) The dentures fabricated by the suction impression method were found to be effective.
3) Use of denture cleanser, good mandibular ridge condition, and regular check-ups were significantly correlated with good quality of life.
Further validation with a large-scale prospective study is needed.
References
G. C. BOVEN, G. M. RAGHOEBAR, A. VISSINK & H. J. A. MEIJER: Improving masticatory performance, bite force, nutritional state and patient 's satisfaction with implant overdentures: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 42: 220-233, 2015.
lnes Polzer, Martin Schimmel, Frauke Müller, Reiner Biffar: Edentulism as part of the general health problem of elderly adults. Int Dent J, 60(3): Int Dent J, 60(3): 143-55, 2010 Jun.
Pierre Yves Cousson, Marion Bessadet, Emmanuel Nicolas, Jean-Luc Veyrune, Bruno Lesourd and Claire Lassauzay: Nutritional status, dietary intake and oral quality of life in elderly complete denture wearers. The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology, 29:685-692, 2012.
Damian J. Lee, Paola C. Saponaro: Management of Edentulous Patients. Dent Clin N Am, 63 : 249-261, 2019.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Summary of the Results of the Survey on Dental Diseases in 2016. 17.
Yamada M, Takase K, Suehiro F, Nishimura M, Murata H. Effects of denture adhesives and mouth moisturizers to human oral fibroblast and human Dent Mater J 2020;39:571-6.
Fujimori T, Hirano S, Hayakawa I. Effects of a denture adhesive on masti- catory functions for complete denture wearers - consideration for the con- Fujimori T, Hirano S, Hayakawa I. Effects of a dental adhesive on masti- catory functions for complete denture wearers - consideration for the con- dition of denture-bearing tissues-. J Med Dent Sci 2002; 49:151-6.
Bogucki ZA, Napadlek P, Dabrowa T. A clinical evaluation of denture ad- hesives used by patients with xerostomia. medicine 2015; 94:1-6.
S. KIMOTO*, K. KIMOTO†, A. KITAMURA‡, M. SAITA†, M. IIJIMA* & Y. KAWAI* Effect of dentist's clinical experience on treatment Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2013 40; 940--947
Abe, J. : Clinical aspects of complete dentures - For adsorption of mandibular complete dentures. Japanese Dental Review, 679:159-174, 680:125-139, 681 : 141-157, 1999.
Abe, J. : Adsorption of mandibular complete denture for everyone: Hyoron Publishers (Tokyo), 2004.
Abe, J., Kokubo, K., Sato, K. : Complete in 4 Steps: A Perfect Manual for Mandibular Adsorption Denture and BPS: Quintessence Publishing (Tokyo), 2011.
J. Abe, K. Iwaki, T. Sudo, K. Kokubo: Mandibular complete denture adsorption technique The Professional: Quintessence Publishing (Tokyo), 2017.
Katsufumi Sato: What is Suction Denture?: Dental Diamond-sha (Tokyo), 2014.
Locker D, Matear D, Stephens M, Lawrence H, Payne B: Comparison of the GOHAI and OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 29: 373-81, 2001.
Yusuke Sato, Yoshinori Kaiba, Eijiro Yamaga, Shunsuke Minakuchi: Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile 16 Yosuke Sato, Yoshinori Kaiba, Eijiro Yamaga, Shunsuke Minakuchi: Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile. The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology, 29:1033-1037, 2012.
SOMEYA, Seiichiro: A report of a thread seen near the centrum of a mandibular second molar and the anterior margin of a retromolar pad. Jaw Occlusion Journal, 28(1&2):14-20, 2008.
Otomo, K. : Influence of denture support base morphology on masticatory function in full denture wearers. Prosthetics Journal, 40: 1194~1204, 1996.
Yamamoto, K. : Effects of jaw crest morphology on stress distribution in the underbase support zone and denture behavior. Prosthetics Journal, 40:1090~1101, 1996.
Fenlon MR, Sherriff M :An investigation of factors influencing patients` satisfaction with new complete dentures using structural equation modeling. J Dent, 36 (6):427-434, 2008.
Onuki, Masamichi: Selection of lingualized occlusion from the viewpoint of jaw crest conditions. Prosthetics Journal, 48: 691-702, 2004.
Nagao H, Kono F, Ichikawa T: Selection from the viewpoint of burden pressure distribution to mucosa under denture base. Prosthetics Journal, 48: 673-680, 2004.
Koide, K. : Selection from the viewpoint of masticatory function. Prosthetics Journal, 48:681-690, 2004.
Suzuki, T. : Occlusion of complete dentures from the viewpoint of occlusal contact during mastication. Prosthetics Journal, 48:664-672, 2004.
Clinical Study on Factors Related to Oral Health-related Quality of Life of Patients with Complete Dentures: Multi-Center Study of an Impression Method in pursuit of a Suction-Effective Mandibular Complete Denture.
1) Sato dental Clinic La France Office
2) Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
3) The Academy of Clinical Dentistry
G. C. BOVEN, G. M. RAGHOEBAR, A. VISSINK & H. J. A. MEIJER: Improving masticatory performance, bite force, nutritional state and patient 's satisfaction with implant overdentures: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 42: 220-233, 2015.
lnes Polzer, Martin Schimmel, Frauke Müller, Reiner Biffar: Edentulism as part of the general health problem of elderly adults. Int Dent J, 60(3): Int Dent J, 60(3): 143-55, 2010 Jun.
Pierre Yves Cousson, Marion Bessadet, Emmanuel Nicolas, Jean-Luc Veyrune, Bruno Lesourd and Claire Lassauzay: Nutritional status, dietary intake and oral quality of life in elderly complete denture wearers. The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology, 29:685-692, 2012.
Damian J. Lee, Paola C. Saponaro: Management of Edentulous Patients. Dent Clin N Am, 63 : 249-261, 2019.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Summary of the Results of the Survey on Dental Diseases in 2016. 17.
Yamada M, Takase K, Suehiro F, Nishimura M, Murata H. Effects of denture adhesives and mouth moisturizers to human oral fibroblast and human Dent Mater J 2020;39:571-6.
Fujimori T, Hirano S, Hayakawa I. Effects of a denture adhesive on masti- catory functions for complete denture wearers - consideration for the con- Fujimori T, Hirano S, Hayakawa I. Effects of a dental adhesive on masti- catory functions for complete denture wearers - consideration for the con- dition of denture-bearing tissues-. J Med Dent Sci 2002; 49:151-6.
Bogucki ZA, Napadlek P, Dabrowa T. A clinical evaluation of denture ad- hesives used by patients with xerostomia. medicine 2015; 94:1-6.
S. KIMOTO*, K. KIMOTO†, A. KITAMURA‡, M. SAITA†, M. IIJIMA* & Y. KAWAI* Effect of dentist's clinical experience on treatment Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2013 40; 940--947
Abe, J. : Clinical aspects of complete dentures - For adsorption of mandibular complete dentures. Japanese Dental Review, 679:159-174, 680:125-139, 681 : 141-157, 1999.
Abe, J. : Adsorption of mandibular complete denture for everyone: Hyoron Publishers (Tokyo), 2004.
Abe, J., Kokubo, K., Sato, K. : Complete in 4 Steps: A Perfect Manual for Mandibular Adsorption Denture and BPS: Quintessence Publishing (Tokyo), 2011.
J. Abe, K. Iwaki, T. Sudo, K. Kokubo: Mandibular complete denture adsorption technique The Professional: Quintessence Publishing (Tokyo), 2017.
Katsufumi Sato: What is Suction Denture?: Dental Diamond-sha (Tokyo), 2014.
Locker D, Matear D, Stephens M, Lawrence H, Payne B: Comparison of the GOHAI and OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 29: 373-81, 2001.
Yusuke Sato, Yoshinori Kaiba, Eijiro Yamaga, Shunsuke Minakuchi: Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile 16 Yosuke Sato, Yoshinori Kaiba, Eijiro Yamaga, Shunsuke Minakuchi: Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile. The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology, 29:1033-1037, 2012.
SOMEYA, Seiichiro: A report of a thread seen near the centrum of a mandibular second molar and the anterior margin of a retromolar pad. Jaw Occlusion Journal, 28(1&2):14-20, 2008.
Otomo, K. : Influence of denture support base morphology on masticatory function in full denture wearers. Prosthetics Journal, 40: 1194~1204, 1996.
Yamamoto, K. : Effects of jaw crest morphology on stress distribution in the underbase support zone and denture behavior. Prosthetics Journal, 40:1090~1101, 1996.
Fenlon MR, Sherriff M :An investigation of factors influencing patients` satisfaction with new complete dentures using structural equation modeling. J Dent, 36 (6):427-434, 2008.
Onuki, Masamichi: Selection of lingualized occlusion from the viewpoint of jaw crest conditions. Prosthetics Journal, 48: 691-702, 2004.
Nagao H, Kono F, Ichikawa T: Selection from the viewpoint of burden pressure distribution to mucosa under denture base. Prosthetics Journal, 48: 673-680, 2004.
Koide, K. : Selection from the viewpoint of masticatory function. Prosthetics Journal, 48:681-690, 2004.
Suzuki, T. : Occlusion of complete dentures from the viewpoint of occlusal contact during mastication. Prosthetics Journal, 48:664-672, 2004.
Clinical Study on Factors Related to Oral Health-related Quality of Life of Patients with Complete Dentures: Multi-Center Study of an Impression Method in pursuit of a Suction-Effective Mandibular Complete Denture.
1) Sato Dental Clinic La France Office
2) Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
3) The Academy of Clinical Dentistry
G. C. BOVEN, G. M. RAGHOEBAR, A. VISSINK & H. J. A. MEIJER :Improving masticatory performance, bite force, nutritional state and patient’s satisfaction with implant overdentures: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 42:220–233, 2015.
lnes Polzer, Martin Schimmel, Frauke Müller, Reiner Biffar:Edentulism as part of the the general health problem of elderly adults.Int Dent J, 60(3):143-55, 2010 Jun.
Pierre Yves Cousson, Marion Bessadet, Emmanuel Nicolas, Jean-Luc Veyrune, Bruno Lesourd and Claire Lassauzay:Nutritional status, dietary intake and oral quality of life in elderly complete denture wearers. The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology, 29:685–692, 2012.
Damian J. Lee, Paola C. Saponaro:Management of Edentulous Patients.Dent Clin N Am, 63:249–261, 2019.
厚生労働省:平成28年 歯科疾患実態調査結果の概要 .17.
Yamada M, Takase K, Suehiro F, Nishimura M, Murata H. Effects of denture adhesives and mouth moisturizers to human oral fibroblast and human keratinocyte cells using direct and indirect cell culture systems. Dent Mater J 2020;39:571-6.
Fujimori T, Hirano S, Hayakawa I. Effects of a denture adhesive on masti- catory functions for complete denture wearers - consideration for the con- dition of denture-bearing tissues-. J Med Dent Sci 2002;49:151-6.
Bogucki ZA, Napadlek P, Dabrowa T. A clinical evaluation of denture ad- hesives used by patients with xerostomia. Medicine 2015;94:1-6.
S. KIMOTO*, K. KIMOTO†, A. KITAMURA‡, M. SAITA†, M. IIJIMA* & Y. KAWAI* Effect of dentist’s clinical experience on treatment satisfaction of a complete denture .Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2013 40; 940-947
佐藤勝史:What is Suction Denture? :デンタルダイヤモンド社(東京), 2014.
Locker D, Matear D, Stephens M, Lawrence H, Payne B:Comparison of the GOHAI and OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly .Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 29: 373–81, 2001.
Yusuke Sato, Yoshinori Kaiba, Eijiro Yamaga, Shunsuke Minakuchi:Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous subjects. The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology, 29:1033–1037, 2012.
Fenlon MR, Sherriff M :An investigation of factors influencing patients` satisfaction with new complete dentures using structural equation modeling. J Dent, 36 (6) :427-434, 2008.
Un estudio clínico de los factores asociados con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en pacientes con dentaduras postizas completas: una encuesta multicéntrica de técnicas de impresión para dentaduras postizas de succión efectivas.
1) Sato dental Clinic La France Office
2) Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
3) The Academy of Clinical Dentistry
Este estudio es un estudio clínico de dentaduras postizas completas fabricadas utilizando el método de impresión funcional de boca cerrada (en adelante, el "Prótesis completa mandibular con efecto de succión") con el fin de lograr la adhesión sellando toda la circunferencia de la base de la dentadura postiza mandibular completa con la mucosa oral. en médicos generales El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los resultados utilizando como índice la calidad de vida relacionada con la cavidad oral. Un total de 68 pacientes, 36 hombres y 32 mujeres, que usaron prótesis completas hechas por el método de impresión de succión desde 1997 hasta 2022 (la relación hombre:mujer fue 53:47, y la edad promedio fue 77.7±10.9). El período promedio de uso de prótesis completas fue de 52,2 meses±57,4 meses. Como resultado de la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la boca por OHIP-EDENT-J, el promedio fue de 8,9±6,7. Se realizó un análisis logístico multivariado para analizar los factores que conducen a valores altos de OHIP-EDENT-J y se observó una correlación significativa con la falta de uso de limpiadores de prótesis, la reabsorción severa de la cresta mandibular y la falta de controles periódicos. tomado. Estos resultados sugieren que Prótesis completa mandibular con efecto de succión técnica así como la limpieza de la dentadura postiza y los controles periódicos posteriores al tratamiento son importantes para establecer una buena calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal.
Palabras clave: OHIP-EDENT-J, dentadura postiza completa, calidad de vida relacionada con la cavidad bucal, dentadura postiza mandibular completa por succión
I. Introducción
Se ha informado que la pérdida de todos los dientes afecta negativamente no solo la función masticatoria, sino también la pronunciación, la deglución, el estado nutricional general e incluso psicológicamente.1,2,3,4 En Japón, el número de pacientes edéntulos está disminuyendo, pero el 31,3 % de los que tienen entre 80 y 84 años y el 46,3 % de los que tienen 85 años o más usan dentaduras postizas completas.5 Actualmente se ha instaurado el tratamiento con implantes, pero la demanda de prótesis completas sigue siendo alta debido a problemas económicos y dificultades en la cirugía por enfermedades sistémicas. Sin embargo, debido a la reabsorción de la cresta alveolar,6,7 la boca seca,8 el traumatismo de la mucosa6,7 y la experiencia clínica del operador,9 a menudo es difícil estabilizar la dentadura y lograr la satisfacción del paciente.
Como una forma de resolver estos problemas, se introdujo clínicamente el "método de impresión por adsorción".10,11,12,13,14
Este es un método propuesto por Abe en 1999, que utiliza una impresión de función de boca cerrada con el propósito de succionar una dentadura mandibular completa, lo que antes se consideraba difícil. Al igual que con la dentadura postiza maxilar completa, si todo el margen de la base de la dentadura puede sellarse con el tejido móvil de la mucosa oral, es posible la adsorción.
Oral-related QOL(OHQoL) es un sistema que evalúa multidimensionalmente el impacto de los problemas de salud bucal en la vida diaria de las personas.
OHIP-EDENT fue diseñado para pacientes edéntulos y su confiabilidad ha sido reportada.15 Además, se ha modificado el OHIP de acuerdo a la cultura y estilo de vida de cada país, y se ha desarrollado el OHIP-EDENT-J para japonés.16
El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la calidad de vida de las prótesis completas fabricadas con OHIP-EDENT-J y los factores que la afectan, con el fin de verificar la utilidad del método de impresión por succión.
II. Sujetos y Métodos
Este estudio se realizó bajo la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Academia de Odontología Clínica como un estudio de serie de casos de un solo brazo.(Número de aprobación NO.22-002)En clínicas dentales generals(11 establecimientos), ha pasado más de 1 mes desde que se hicieron dentaduras postizas completas utilizando el método de impresión de succión de dentaduras, y desde julio de 2021 hasta junio de 2022 Todos los pacientes de 30 años o más que visitaron para el seguimiento durante el período se incluyeron. Solo se seleccionaron los casos desdentados superiores e inferiores, y se excluyeron los casos de sobredentadura y los casos de prótesis única. Todos los pacientes fueron completamente informados del propósito del estudio y se obtuvo su consentimiento.
Método de impresión de succión de prótesis
Como impresión general, utilizamos dos tipos de materiales de impresión de alginato con diferente dureza.
En primer lugar, se inyectó un material de impresión de alginato muy fluido en la cavidad oral utilizando una jeringa de 50 ml SS50CZ(Terumo Corporation). Posteriormente, se colocó un material de impresión de alginato con baja fluidez en una cubeta(Frame Cut Bac Tray, YDM Co., Ltd.), se insertó en la cavidad oral y se presionó ligeramente en dirección a la cresta alveolar.
Hacer que el paciente tome una posición de barbilla cercana a la posición de reposo de la mandíbula y mantenga la boca cerrada hasta que los labios estén cerrados.Esperamos que el material de impresión se endureciera(Fig.1).
Fig.1 Impresión de forma general (citada y modificada de la referencia 7). El material de impresión de alginato con alta fluidez se vierte en la cavidad oral con una jeringa, y el material de impresión de alginato con baja fluidez se coloca en la bandeja Frame Cut Bac y se presiona ligeramente en la dirección de la cresta alveolar. Pida al paciente que cierre la boca con el objetivo de descansar mandibular.
Se hizo un modelo a partir de esta impresión general y se hizo una cubeta de impresión funcional. El contorno de la cubeta cubre toda la almohadilla retromolar, evita la raya(raya de Someya)17 en la base del lado bucal de la almohadilla retromolar, traza el punto más bajo de la plataforma bucal, cruza la línea del músculo milohioideo y se extiende hasta el hueso milohioideo posterior Se caracteriza por una penetración de 2-3 mm en la fosa muscular(Fig.2).
Fig.2 Características del contorno de la cubeta de impresión funcional. 1. Cubre todas las almohadillas retromolares 2. Evite las rayas (rayas de Someya) en la base bucal de la almohadilla retromolar 3. Punto más bajo en el lado de la mejilla 4. Cruce la línea milohioidea y entre en la fosa hioidea posterior unos 2-3 mmReferencia
Se colocaron cuatro proyecciones de cera de parafina en la parte superior de la bandeja, se suavizaron y se tomó un registro de mordida temporal.
Para la impresión de precisión primaria, se utilizó un material de soporte elástico(GC Soft Liner, GC Co., Ltd.)con una relación de polvo a líquido de 10:7 y una mayor viscosidad. La cubeta se rellenó con un liner blando de GC y se introdujo en la cavidad oral, y se solicitó al paciente que realizara ejercicios funcionales diarios, cerrando la boca y esperando el endurecimiento. Como movimientos funcionales, se adoptaron cinco movimientos: "señalar la boca", "curvar las comisuras de la boca", "lamerse los labios", "presionar los dedos del operador entre las bandejas superior e inferior con la lengua" y "tragar".
Como alternativa, se coloca un material de impresión de silicona de cuerpo pesado solo en el borde de la cubeta, se inserta en la cavidad bucal y se realiza un movimiento funcional para completar el moldeado del borde, retirar el material de impresión de la mucosa masticatoria inmóvil y realizar una precisión secundaria. Listo para la impresión.
En la impresión de precisión secundaria, se realizó de manera similar una impresión funcional utilizando un material de impresión de silicona tipo inyección con alta fluidez para obtener una superficie de impresión lisa(Fig.3).
Fig.3 Impresión de precisión de adsorción (modificada de la referencia 7). Primera impresión: Después de ablandar las cuatro proyecciones de CERA de parafina en la parte superior de la cubeta individual y tomar el registro de mordida, el paciente realiza cinco movimientos funcionales utilizando el material de impresión funcional y espera el endurecimiento con la boca cerrada. 2da Impresión: Usando un material de impresión de silicona con alta fluidez, realice la misma impresión funcional de cierre.
Elemento de evaluación
La calidad de vida relacionada con la cavidad oral de los pacientes se registró utilizando OHIP-EDENT-J como evaluación subjetiva. OHIP-EDENT-J es un formato de cuestionario para pacientes y evalúa 19 ítems en una escala de 5 puntos(0-4). Se determina que a mayor puntaje, menor calidad de vida y más problemas hay.
Al mismo tiempo, verificamos las condiciones orales del paciente, recopilamos información sobre las características del sujeto(cuerpo completo, cavidad oral)y los detalles del tratamiento del historial médico, e investigamos el historial de tratamiento anterior.
Método de análisis de datos
Calculamos el valor promedio y la distribución de frecuencias de OHIP-EDENT-J para los sujetos de la encuesta. Para los factores de antecedentes de los sujetos, el valor medio de OHIP-EDENT-J en cada categoría se analizó mediante la prueba t de Student o ANOVA. Los factores asociados con una puntuación OHIP-EDENT-J de 14 o superior se analizaron mediante un análisis de regresión logística multivariable ajustado por edad y años de uso de la dentadura postiza.
III. Resultados
Sesenta y ocho pacientes(edad media 77,7±10,9)participaron en el estudio. El número de años de uso de prótesis osciló entre 1 mes y 300 meses, con una media de 52,2 meses±57,4 meses.
La Tabla 1 muestra los factores de antecedentes del sujeto y la media y la desviación estándar de la puntuación OHIP-EDENT-J. La puntuación media de OHIP-EDENT-J para todos los sujetos fue de 8,9±6,7. Para cada elemento de la información del paciente, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones debido a las diferencias en las categorías.
La Tabla 2 proporciona información relacionada con las dentaduras postizas y los tratamientos. Los pacientes que usaban limpiadores de dentaduras postizas tenían puntajes OHIP-EDENT-J más bajos que aquellos que no los usaban, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Además, los pacientes que se sometieron a controles periódicos puntuaron significativamente más bajo que los que no lo hicieron. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para los antecedentes prolongados de uso de prótesis dentales, la oclusión lingüística, el ajuste o la reparación de prótesis dentales o la experiencia prolongada en tratamientos.
La Tabla 3 muestra los resultados del análisis de regresión logística multivariante. La razón de probabilidad ajustada por edad y número de años de uso de prótesis dentales fue de 5,3 para la falta de uso de limpiadores para prótesis dentales, 7,8 para reabsorción severa de la cresta mandibular y 8,2 para controles no regulares. No hubo significación estadística para xerostomía, enfermedad de las mucosas u oclusión.
(Tabla 1) Patient Information and average OHIP-EDENT-J Score(Tabla 2) Information on Dentures and Treatments(Tabla 3) Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis
IV. Consideración
La puntuación OHIP-EDENT-J para pacientes con dentaduras postizas completas que utilizaron el método de impresión por succión en este estudio fue de 8,9. Sato et al.16 informaron que el puntaje promedio de OHIP-EDENT-J de 61 pacientes que usaban dentaduras postizas completas viejas fue de 24,76, pero mejoró a 14,91 después de que se les hizo la dentadura nueva. Ito et al.18 dividieron a 147 pacientes con prótesis completa en tres grupos, y las puntuaciones promedio de OHIP-EDENT-J fueron 15,8±10,8(N=50), 19,2±13,1(N=46)y 19,2±13,7(N=51). ), y después de usar el fijador para dentaduras postizas tipo crema, el fijador para dentaduras postizas tipo polvo y la solución salina fisiológica como control durante 4 días, las puntuaciones promedio de OHIP-EDENT-J fueron 10,6±9,1, 14,1±11,9 y 14,2±12,6. Se consideró que una de las razones por las que los resultados de este estudio fueron mejores que los de estos estudios se debió al uso del método de impresión por adsorción.
Según el análisis univariado, el uso de limpiadores para dentaduras postizas y las visitas regulares de control fueron factores estadísticamente significativos que influyeron en la puntuación OHIP-EDENT-J. Además, como resultado del análisis de regresión logística multivariado, los factores estadísticamente significativos fueron el uso de limpiadores de prótesis, los controles regulares y el estado del reborde mandibular.
El uso de limpiadores para dentaduras postizas indica que los pacientes están interesados en las dentaduras postizas y la higiene bucal, y si hay un problema con sus dentaduras postizas, visitan el consultorio del dentista de inmediato para que las ajuste.
Se ha confirmado que la morfología del reborde alveolar está estrechamente relacionada con la expresión de la distribución de tensiones en el área de soporte de la dentadura y la expresión del vector de desplazamiento de la dentadura, y que la altura del reborde alveolar suprime el desplazamiento de la dentadura y contribuye a su estabilidad. Además, en un método en el que una réplica de la cresta alveolar remanente está directamente involucrada en el soporte, mantenimiento y estabilidad de una dentadura completa y se mide, la correlación más significativa con la eficiencia masticatoria es el área de soporte de la dentadura. seguido del área de la base de soporte de la dentadura, se dice que era la altura promedio de la base de soporte.19,20
No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el número de años de uso de prótesis dentales, pero cuanto más prolongado fue el período de uso, menor fue la puntuación. Fenlon et al.21 de acuerdo con el "Modelo Estructural de Satisfacción del Paciente(Variables Latentes y Rutas Estadísticamente Significativas)" informado por , cuando se realiza una dentadura nueva, la precisión de la relación intermaxilar afecta fuertemente la satisfacción del paciente con la dentadura y luego la adaptabilidad del paciente., para 417 pacientes con dentaduras postizas completas, evaluamos la calidad de las dentaduras postizas en la primera visita después de usar las nuevas dentaduras postizas, y se está evaluando la satisfacción del paciente mediante cuestionarios inmediatamente después de usarlas, 3 meses después de usarlas y 2 años después de usarlas. Como resultado, informaron que se observó una alta correlación entre la calidad de las dentaduras postizas y la satisfacción del paciente inmediatamente después de usarlas y tres meses después de usarlas, pero no se observó tal correlación dos años después de usarlas. Se pensó que esto se debía al hecho de que el paciente se había adaptado a las dentaduras postizas durante un largo período de tiempo y se pensó que era consistente con los resultados de este estudio.
Onuki22 Las ventajas de la oclusión lingualizada son las siguientes: 1)La fuerza oclusal aplicada a la dentadura siempre se dirige hacia el lado interno de la dentadura, y la fuerza oclusal actúa en la dirección que estabiliza la base de la dentadura. 2)La relación de contacto oclusal es más simple que la de la oclusión totalmente equilibrada y armoniza con la función masticatoria del cuerpo vivo. 3)Dado que la friabilidad de los alimentos se puede ajustar fácilmente de acuerdo con la morfología de la superficie oclusal, la carga sobre el reborde alveolar restante se puede reducir y es útil para la protección.Hay muchos informes que respaldan la utilidad funcional de la oclusión lingualizada,
También existen trabajos que describen la condición del reborde alveolar,22 la distribución de la presión de la carga sobre la membrana mucosa debajo de la base de la dentadura,23 la función masticatoria,24 y el contacto oclusal durante la masticación desde cada perspectiva.
Se aplicó oclusión lingualizada en 58 de 68 casos, lo que también puede haber contribuido a la baja puntuación de OHIP-EDENT-J, aunque en este estudio no se observaron diferencias significativas.
A medida que la dentadura funciona en la cavidad bucal, se aplica presión oclusal y la dentadura se hunde. Además, incluso si el paciente está satisfecho con la dentadura postiza, puede ocurrir una falta de armonía oclusal y un desajuste del piso debido a la erosión de los dientes artificiales, el desgaste debido a los restos de alimentos y la reabsorción de la cresta alveolar. Los pacientes también pueden pasar desapercibida la desarmonía. Mediante chequeos regulares, es posible ajustar la oclusión antes de que los dientes artificiales se vuelvan discordantes, e intervenir temprano antes de que el dolor y las úlceras se agraven.
V. Conclusión
Los clínicos generales evaluaron la calidad de vida de las prótesis completas realizadas mediante el método de impresión por succión utilizando OHIP-EDENT J, y como resultado de investigar los factores que la afectan, se obtuvieron las siguientes conclusiones.
1) Fue posible obtener un buen OHQoL mediante un tratamiento de prótesis completa realizado por un médico general.
2) Se sugirió que las dentaduras hechas por el método de impresión por succión pueden ser útiles.
3) El uso de limpiadores para dentaduras postizas, el buen estado del reborde mandibular y los controles regulares se correlacionaron significativamente con una buena calidad de vida.
Se necesita una mayor validación en un estudio prospectivo más amplio.
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